On April 1, 2017, Xi Jinping announces the arrival of a new city named Xiongían which means ́grandiose and peaceful’. It will be the 20th new city in China. This city is located 100 kilometers south-west of Beijing in Hebei province between Rong , Xiong and Anxin.
Le 1er avril 2017, Xi Jinping annonce l’arrivé d’une ville nouvelle nommé Xiong’an qui signifie « grandiose et paix ». Elle sera alors la 20eme ville nouvelle en Chine. Cette ville se situe à 100 kilomètre au sud-ouest de Pékin dans la province de Hebei entre Dawang, Xiong et Anxin.
于二零一七年四月一日，习近平宣布一个名为雄安的新城市即将到来。 这将是中国第二十个新城市。 这个城市位于河北省北部容城，雄县和安新之间的西 北100公里处。
The purpose of the city is to reduce traffic congestion in Beijing, (to reduce pollution and traffic congestion), to absorb Beijing is industries not related to its administrative functions as national capital, and to attract Enterprises, financial institutions, higher education institutions and science and technology units.
La création de cette ville a pour but de désengorger le trafic routier de Beijing, ( afin de réduire la pollution et les embouteillages ), d’absorber les industries de Pékin non liées à ses fonctions administratives de capitale nationale et d’attirer des sièges d’entreprises, des institutions financières, des établissements d’enseignement supérieur et des unités de sciences et technologies.
城市的目的是减少北京的交通拥堵(减少污染和交通拥堵)，吸收北京与行政管理 职能不相关的行业作为国家首都，吸引企业，金融机构，高等教育机构和科学， 技 术单位。
The objectives of this new city are :
这个新城市的目标是:
1. Economic
经济
2. To reduce traffic congestion in Beijing
减少北京交通拥堵
3. New programs (hospitals, universities and logistiques parks)
新计划(医院，大学和物流园区)
4. To make a sustainable, liveable like a green city with many science and technology units
做一个可持续发展的绿色城市，拥有许多科技单位
5. Connect from Xiongían to Hong Kong by a train (350km/h)
乘坐火车(350公里/小时)从雄安到香港
« Formerly, the way to develop was to bring resources together, but now we have to distribute and relocate them to achieve more planned and sustainable development », says Liu Bozheng
«Autrefois, le mode de développement consistait à rassembler les ressources, mais nous devons désormais les répartir et les délocaliser pour réaliser un développement mieux planifié et plus durable», explique Liu Bozheng
“以前，发展的方式是把资源整合起来，但现在我们必须分配和搬迁，以实现更多的计划和可持续发展，”刘波正
« The government wants to make it a center of innovation, a green city. It will therefore focus on high-tech industries, rather than small-scale manufacturing located at the lower end of the value chain », said Chua Han Teng
«Le gouvernement veut en faire un centre d’innovation, une ville verte. Il va donc cibler en priorité les industries high-tech, plutôt que la petite manufacture située en bas de la chaîne de valeur», estime Chua Han Teng
“政府希望把它作为一个绿色城市的创新中心。 因此，它将专注于高科技产业，而不是位于价值链下端的小型制造 业，“蔡汉腾
SITUATION
情况
The Yangtze River Delta or (around Shanghai) and the Pearl River (around Shenzhen and Guangzhou) are the two economic engines of the country. The Chinese state plans to create a third engine in the north of the country.
长三角或(周边上海) 和珠江(深圳和广州周 边)是全国两大经济动 力。 中国国家计划在全 国北部创造第三台发动 机。
Since the 1980s, Chinese leaders have a`empted to coordinate the development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, but without great results; Xiongían, in the heart of this triangle, would be the crossroads.
八十年代以来，中国领 导人企图协调北京 - 天津 - 河北的发展，但没有取 得很大成果。 这个三角 形的心脏上的雄安将是 十字路口。
Xiong’an is located between three town : Dawang, Xiong, Anxin. his landscape is made of local farming, marsh, wetlands, tourism and industry. The operation of these 4 elements has modified the ground for the futur project of Xiong’an.
First step we had local agriculture. Then, several years later, insecticides, pesticides, and plowing were used by intensive agriculture. This has polluted soil and groundwater.
Second step : China consists of 66 ha of wetlands. It is full of biodiversity. Fishing exploits these areas. However, fishing has become an inescapable fishery, degrading these species of biodiversity.
Third step : Tourism is an asset for the local economy of these cities at present. However, tourism has consequences on the territory, to the detriment of marshes and lakes, biodiversity and landscape.
Fourth step : The industry manufactures plastic, rubber, cables, aluminum, leather, and textile. It provides jobs for the local population. As a counterpart, the industry of products harmful to the environment by polluting the soil, wetlands, groundwater and air quality.
SCALE COMPARISON
规模比较
The new city should represent an area of 2000km≤
新市区面积2000平方公 里
The new city of Xiong’an measures 3 times the city of New York in the United States.
雄安新城市是美国纽约 市的3倍
And measures 20 times the city of Paris in France
并在法国巴黎市的20倍
CONCLUSION
结论
The territory where the future city new town will occupy poses several questions and asks to understand the stakes of this one:
Le territoire où occupera la future ville de la nouvelle ville pose plusieurs questions et demande à comprendre les enjeux de celle-ci:
未来城市新城区占领的地区提出了几个问题，并要求了解这一点的风险:
Why and how to build a new city on a polluted air, pedagogical and hydraulic space?
Comment se produira le phénomène de gentrification? (Voir la citation ci-dessous)
While waiting to be relocated in the next five years, Li Wenkai regularly photographed his house and his village in memory, without being complacent about his fate. Of course, he will have to abandon his rural way of life: the two-storey house - one of the few in the village - that he built with his hands and the two other houses he built in the hope that his sons Come to settle with him. But he will not do it for nothing. As his mother says, « Maybe one day we will be part of Beijing! »
Alors qu’il s’attend à être relogé dans les cinq ans à venir, Li Wenkai photographie régulièrement sa maison et son village en souvenir, sans pour autant s’apitoyer sur son sort. Certes, il devra abandonner son mode de vie rural : la maison à deux étages – l’une des rares du village – qu’il a construite de ses mains et les deux autres maisons qu’il a bâties dans l’espoir que ses fils viennent s’installer auprès de lui. Mais il ne le fera pas pour rien. Comme le dit sa mère, « peut-être qu’un jour, nous ferons parti de Pékin ! »
在未来五年等待搬迁的同时，李文凯经常拍摄他的房屋及其村庄，不用担心自己的命运。 当然，他必须放弃农村的生活方 式:获得两层楼的房子 - 村里的少数人之一 - 他用手和他建造的另外两栋房子，希望他的儿子来定居 和他一起。 但他不用 做任何事情。 正如他母亲所说:“也许有一天我们会成为北京的一部分!»